Answer:
The correct option is : D. pioneer species
Step-by-step explanation:
Pioneer species are the first species to colonize a sterile area or a previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystem, disturbed by a natural disaster, fire, etc. Some of the examples of pioneer species are: lichens, green algae, lyme grass, etc.
Generally, no other source of energy is available in such areas except sunlight. Therefore, in such areas, the pioneer species are generally photosynthetic plants.