Answer:
You will requiere 0.34375 oz of the solution for 22 ounces of water.
Explanation:
We should start by matching the units: in the example we have 2 gallons of water, while the question refers to 22 ounces of water.
So, by the equivalence we are given, we now know that 2 gallons of water are equal to 256 ounces.
From this point the question can be solved using an arithmetic method known as cross-multiply (sometimes refered as the Rule of Three). This consist of wrinting an equation of the form:

Where b is the amount of solution required for a ounces of water, and x (unknown variable) is the amount of solution for c ounces of water.
So we have the next equation:

We apply the correspondent arithmetic rules so we can calculate the x as follows:



This way we can reply that 0.34375 oz of solution are required for 22 oz of water.