Answer:
 $280 - $112.00 = $168.00 and 0.600 x $280 = $168.00.
Explanation:
First, convert the 40% to a real mathematical number. For percents, this is always done by dividing the 40% by 100%, or 40% / 100% = 0.400. 
Second, find out what 40% of $280 is. This is the amount of the sale discount. This is always found by mulitplying 0.400 by the item's cost $280, like this: 
 
0.400 x $280 = $112.00. 
So for this sale, you'll save $112.00 on this item. 
This means, the cost of the item to you is 
$280 - $112.00 = $168.00.
Or you can think about it this way. The item is 40% off. This means you'll pay 60.000% of the total cost (100% - 40% = 60.000%). 
Now what's 60.000% of the total cost? 
0.600 x $280 = $168.00.