The correct answer is obedience and punishment.
Lawrence Kohlberg was an American psychologist best known for his theory of stages of moral development.
According to Kohlberg there are three stages of moral developement :
- Pre-convencional morality,
- Conventional morality,
- Post-convencional morality.
At the pre-convential level ( up to the age of 9 ), children don't have a personal code of morality. Their moral code is shaped by the standards of adults and the consequences of breaking the imposed rules.
The two stages of the pre-convential level are;
- Obedience and Punishment Orientation. The child is good in order to avoid punishment.
- Individualism and Exchange. The child recognizes that there is not just one right view and different individuals have different viewpoints.