This representation of the Virgin Mary revolutionary because the maddona has a surprisingly human appearance. It was done by Giotto di Bondone, an Italian painter, and architect from Florence in the late Middle Ages and is generally considered to be in the first in a line of great artists who contributed to the Italian Renaissance. The representation of the Virgin Mary is used as the “mother of God,” who stands with the suffering, oppressed, and discriminated. Leaders of popular rebellions and wars of independence often used images of Virgin Mary to help legitimize their revolutionary actions.