The correct answer is the second option, the settling of new land. A charter is a document through which the monarch gave to a particular proprietor or company the exclusive powers for the governance of a piece of land. For example, in the 17th century, through a charter issued by King James I in 1606, the Virginia Company of London was created with the purpose of establishing colonial settlements in the New World. This Company founded a colony at Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent colony set up by the British in North America.