It is the Expressionism, which was a modernist movement born and mostly centered in Germany in the beginning of the XX Century (1905 - 1930).
The Expressionism was the 'art of instinct', through which the artist attempted to depict human emotions. With unreal colors, artistic form to fear, solitude, jealousy was given.
As an example of great artists adept to this movement, was Paul Cézanne (1839 - 1906), and Vincent can Gogh (1853 - 1890) that were recognized as actually creating their own styles, and being one of the greater names of their time.